Pass any field to `--exec` using similar syntax to output template

Related: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28642

README.md

@@ -686,9 +686,14 @@ Then simply run `make`. You can also run `make yt-dlp` instead to compile only t
                                      path to the binary or its containing
                                      directory
     --exec CMD                       Execute a command on the file after
-                                     downloading and post-processing, similar to
-                                     find's -exec syntax. Example: --exec 'adb
-                                     push {} /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}'
+                                     downloading and post-processing. Similar
+                                     syntax to the output template can be used
+                                     to pass any field as arguments to the
+                                     command. An additional field "filepath"
+                                     that contains the final path of the
+                                     downloaded file is also available. If no
+                                     fields are passed, "%(filepath)s" is
+                                     appended to the end of the command
     --convert-subs FORMAT            Convert the subtitles to another format
                                      (currently supported: srt|ass|vtt|lrc)
                                      (Alias: --convert-subtitles)

yt_dlp/options.py

@@ -1195,7 +1195,11 @@ def parseOpts(overrideArguments=None):
     postproc.add_option(
         '--exec',
         metavar='CMD', dest='exec_cmd',
-        help='Execute a command on the file after downloading and post-processing, similar to find\'s -exec syntax. Example: --exec \'adb push {} /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}\'')
+        help=(
+            'Execute a command on the file after downloading and post-processing. '
+            'Similar syntax to the output template can be used to pass any field as arguments to the command. '
+            'An additional field "filepath" that contains the final path of the downloaded file is also available. '
+            'If no fields are passed, "%(filepath)s" is appended to the end of the command'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--convert-subs', '--convert-sub', '--convert-subtitles',
         metavar='FORMAT', dest='convertsubtitles', default=None,

yt_dlp/postprocessor/execafterdownload.py

@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@ class ExecAfterDownloadPP(PostProcessor):
     def pp_key(cls):
         return 'Exec'
 
-    def run(self, information):
-        cmd = self.exec_cmd
-        if '{}' not in cmd:
-            cmd += ' {}'
-
-        cmd = cmd.replace('{}', compat_shlex_quote(information['filepath']))
+    def run(self, info):
+        tmpl, info_copy = self._downloader.prepare_outtmpl(self.exec_cmd, info)
+        cmd = tmpl % info_copy
+        if cmd == self.exec_cmd:  # No replacements were made
+            if '{}' not in self.exec_cmd:
+                self.exec_cmd += ' {}'
+            cmd = self.exec_cmd.replace('{}', compat_shlex_quote(info['filepath']))
 
         self.to_screen('Executing command: %s' % cmd)
         retCode = subprocess.call(encodeArgument(cmd), shell=True)
@@ -33,4 +34,4 @@ class ExecAfterDownloadPP(PostProcessor):
             raise PostProcessingError(
                 'Command returned error code %d' % retCode)
 
-        return [], information
+        return [], info